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Allergy & Anaphylaxis Management

General Medicine • NEET MDS Study Guide • AI-Generated Notes

⭐ High-Yield Facts for Exam

  • Type I = IgE (anaphylaxis).
  • Type II = cytotoxic (pemphigus).
  • Type III = immune complex (SLE).
  • Type IV = T-cell (contact dermatitis).
  • Anaphylaxis = epinephrine IM first.

Allergy & Anaphylaxis

Gell & Coombs Hypersensitivity

  • Type I — immediate, IgE-mediated (anaphylaxis, urticaria).
  • Type II — antibody-mediated cytotoxic (IgG/IgM) (e.g., pemphigus).
  • Type III — immune complex (e.g., SLE, serum sickness).
  • Type IV — delayed, T-cell mediated (contact dermatitis).

Latex Allergy

Can be Type I (immediate) or Type IV (contact); use non-latex gloves for sensitised patients.

Anaphylaxis

First drug = intramuscular epinephrine (adult 0.3-0.5 mg, anterolateral thigh) + airway, oxygen, positioning; antihistamines/steroids are adjuncts.

Exam Tips ⭐

Type I = IgE (anaphylaxis); Type IV = T-cell (contact); anaphylaxis → epinephrine IM first.

📝 Practice MCQs — Allergy & Anaphylaxis Management

Q1. Anaphylaxis is which type of hypersensitivity?
A. Type I (IgE)
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Show Answer
✅ Answer: A
Anaphylaxis is a Type I, IgE-mediated reaction.
Q2. Contact dermatitis is a:
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV (T-cell) reaction
Show Answer
✅ Answer: D
Contact dermatitis is delayed Type IV hypersensitivity.
Q3. First-line drug in anaphylaxis is:
A. Antihistamine
B. Epinephrine IM
C. Hydrocortisone
D. Oxygen only
Show Answer
✅ Answer: B
Intramuscular epinephrine is given first.
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