Radiation Complications & Management
Acute
- Mucositis — the earliest complication (within the first week or two).
- Dysgeusia (taste loss), candidiasis.
Chronic / Late
- Xerostomia — the most common late effect (salivary gland damage) → radiation caries.
- Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) — non-healing irradiated bone; the mandible is affected more than the maxilla.
- Trismus from fibrosis.
Management Principles
Complete necessary dental treatment/extractions before radiotherapy; ideally wait ~6 months after radiation before extractions; meticulous prevention (fluoride trays). Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is an adjunct for ORN.
Exam Tips ⭐
Mucositis = earliest; xerostomia = most common late; ORN = mandible > maxilla; HBO adjunct.