Analgesics — NSAIDs & Opioids
NSAIDs
- Inhibit cyclo-oxygenase (COX) → less prostaglandin → analgesia/anti-inflammatory effect.
- Ibuprofen — commonly prescribed in dentistry; celecoxib = COX-2 selective (less GI upset).
- Adverse effects: GI irritation/ulcer, renal effects, antiplatelet (aspirin is irreversible).
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
Analgesic/antipyretic with minimal anti-inflammatory action; considered the safest analgesic in pregnancy; hepatotoxic in overdose (antidote: N-acetylcysteine).
Opioids
Act on µ-receptors for severe pain; risks include respiratory depression, constipation and dependence.
Exam Tips ⭐
Ibuprofen common in dentistry; celecoxib = COX-2 selective; paracetamol = safest in pregnancy; NSAIDs → GI risk.