Classification, surgeries, biology of periodontium
Stage I-IV (severity). Grade A-C (rate). Stage = based on CAL & bone loss. Grade = based on rate of progression. Stage III = ≥5mm CAL. Grade C = rapid progression or risk factor (smoking/diabetes).
Widman flap = internal bevel incision. Modified Widman = most common. Kirkland = modified Widman without thinning. ENAP = Excisional New Attachment Procedure. Apically positioned flap = crown lengthening.
GTR = membrane guided tissue regeneration. Autograft = gold standard. DFDBA = osteoinductive. Emdogain = enamel matrix derivatives = mimics development. PRF = platelet rich fibrin.
Drug-induced enlargement = Phenytoin (most common), Cyclosporine, Nifedipine. ANUG = punched out papillae + pseudomembrane. Desquamative gingivitis = Pemphigoid, Pemphigus, Lichen planus.
Glickman Class I-IV furcation. Nabers probe for furcation. Tunnel preparation = Class III. Root resection = Class II/III. Free gingival graft = increase keratinized tissue. Connective tissue graft = root coverage gold standard.
Gracey curettes = area-specific. Universal curettes = all areas. Gracey 7/8 = buccal/lingual of posteriors. Gracey 11/12 = mesial. Gracey 13/14 = distal. Ultrasonic > hand scaling for deep pockets.